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The future tense, called futuro absoluto in Spanish, is used to describe events that will occur in the future:
The future is formed by adding the endings of the present form of haber
(minus the initial /h/ in all persons; the second person plural deletes
/hab/) to the infinitive. The older form he de hablar became
hablaré, etc. For this reason, the endings for
the future tense are identical for all verbs (it's like putting the [h]e,
[h]as, [h]a, [h]emos [hab]éis, and [h]an after the infinitive):
IRREGULAR VERBS IN THE FUTURE TENSE: There are only two irregular verbs in the future (dicere > dir
> diré; facere > far > haré):
ANOMALOUS VERBS IN THE FUTURE: There are ten anomalous verbs in the future tense: five of them elide
the theme vowel (the /e/):
The other five irregular verbs replace the theme vowel (the e
or i) with a /d/. Why? Because the /d/
was part of the original archaic construction for the future (hede
poner > pondré, etc.):
EJERCICIOS (siga el modelo):
FUTURO PERFECTO (futuro de haber + participio pasado): If the future indicative refers to an action that will take place in the future, the future perfect refers to an action that will be finished in the future but prior to the end of another future:
For the future perfect, use the future indicative of the auxiliary verb haber + a past participle (-ar > -ando; -er and -ir > -iendo):
NB: Although the past participle consists of the verb stem (root, radical)
and the ending -ado (for 1st. conjugation [-ar] verbs) or -ido
(for 2nd [-er] and 3rd.conjugation [-ir] verbs), the following participles
are irregular:
EJERCICIOS: The following (excellent) exercises practice the present perfect, the pluperfect, and the future perfect:
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The conditional tense in Spanish is used to express a consequence or the hypothetical result of a previous condition:
The conditional is formed by adding the endings of the imperfect form
of haber (minus the initial /hab/) to the infinitive. The older form
había de hablar became hablar + ía, etc. For this
reason, the endings for the conditional tense are identical for all verbs
(it's like putting the [hab]ía, [hab]ías, [hab]ía,
[hab]íamos [hab]íais, and [hab]ían after the infinitive):
Since the conditional is a hypothetical future tense, it shares the same irregularities and anomalies with the latter. Hence, two verbs are irregular (decir and hacer), five elide the theme vowel (caber, haber, poder, querer, saber), and five replace it with a phonetic /d/ (poner, salir, tener, valer, venir): IRREGULAR VERBS IN THE CONDITIONAL TENSE:
ANOMALOUS VERBS IN THE CONDITIONAL: There are ten anomalous verbs in the conditional tense: five of them
elide the theme vowel (the /e/):
The other five anomalous verbs replace the theme vowel with a /d/.
Why? Because the /d/ was part of the original archaic construction
for the conditional (había de poner > pondría,
etc.):
EJERCICIOS (siga el modelo): Con tiempo y dinero, ¿qué harías [tú]? -Con tiempo y dinero, (yo) viviría en Nueva York. Con tiempo y dinero, ¿adónde irías? Con tiempo y dinero, ¿dónde te divertirías? Con tiempo y dinero, ¿qué coche comprarías? Con tiempo y dinero, ¿qué comprarías? Con tiempo y dinero, ¿qué podrías hacer? CONSECUENCIA:
CONDICIONAL PERFECTO (imperfecto de haber + participio pasado): The conditional perfect is used only with hypothetical situations that would have taken place in the past if certains conditions (expressed in the imperfect subjunctive) had been met. You would normally encounter this tense in compound sentences (usually if-clauses):
For the conditional perfect, use the conditional of the auxiliary verb haber + a past participle:
NB: Although the past participle consists of the verb stem (root, radical)
and the ending -ado (for 1st. conjugation [-ar] verbs) or -ido
(for 2nd [-er] and 3rd.conjugation [-ir] verbs), the following participles
are irregular:
EJERCICIOS (siga el modelo): ¿Y Uds.? -Con tiempo y dinero (nosotros) habríamos ido al cine. ¿Y tus amigos? -Con tiempo y dinero (ellos) habrían ido al cine. Si (tú) hubieras tenido dinero, ¿adónde habrías
ido?
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