School of Geology and Geophysics,
University of
Oklahoma
POWDER X-RAY DIFFRACTION ANALYSIS REQUEST
Please follow the directions:
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NEWS
- Dr. Elwood Madden is invited to the 2012 Gordon Conference on Gas Hydrates
- Dr. Elwood Madden, Dan Ambuehl, Matt Kendall, Brittany Pritchett, and Shayda Zahrai present at the Geological Society of America conference in Minneapolis.
- Dr. Madden and Matt Miller attended the Clay Minerals Soceity Conference in Stateline, NV. Matt won 3rd place in the poster session! Here's a picture of Matt accepting his award from CMS president Paul Schroeder.
- Matt Miller completed a NAGT summer internship with the USGS in New Jersey studying the Naval Air Warfare Center ( http://toxics.usgs.gov/sites/nawc_page.html). Matt started our group working with the USGS to investigate the relationships between subsurface mineralogy, texture, and extractable TCE contamination.
- "Welcome to Nanoscience: Interdisciplinary Environmental Explorations, Grades 9–12" has been published by the National Science Teachers Association Press! http://learningcenter.nsta.org/product_detail.aspx?id=10.2505/9781936137329
- New funded project: “In-Situ Generation of Iron-Chromium Precipitates for Long Term Immobilization of Chromium at the Hanford 100H Site”from the DOE Subsurface Biogeochemical Research Program. Principal Investigators are L. Butler, L. Krumholz, A. Madden (University of Oklahoma), and C. Hansel (Harvard University).
PEOPLE
Faculty
Physical and planetary geochemistry Assistant Professor
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Nanoscale geosience and low-temperature geochemistry Assistant Professor |
DR. MEGAN ELWOOD MADDEN.jpg)
DR. ANDREW MADDENDAN AMBUEHL M.S. Program, Geology
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Ph.D. Program, Geology
Development of Atomic Force Microscopy methods for nanoscale investigation of friction |
M.S. Program, Geology Dissolution rates and nanoscale mineralogy of arsenojarosite Working with the USGS at the Norman Landfill site. Core collection and description. Water sampling and field analyses. Development of database for landfills in Oklahoma Development of analytical methods for polyphosphates. Uranium immobilization through tripolyphosphate addition to sediments
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M.S. Program, Geology
Formation of magnetite during smectite -> illite reactions Mineralogical associations of arsenic in the Garber sandstone X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) of clay minerals |
M.S. Program, Geology
Carbon dioxide sequestration in mine wastes Chromium in the Garber Formation Mars analog hematite studies |
M.S. Program, Geology |
Ph.D. Program, Geology Prospecting for nanodiamonds Nanoscale uranium precipitation on magnetite |
XIAOFENG CHEN
MATTHEW KENDALL
MATTHEW MILLER 
VIRGINIA PRIEGNITZ 
BRITTANY PRITCHETT
ANDREW SWINDLEEMMA BAKER Formation of Mars analog hematite 'blueberries' through nanoparticle aggregation. |
JESSE BLUMENTHAL Powder X-ray diffraction and clay mineral separations.
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JON HILL Powder X-ray diffraction and clay mineral separations. |
JOHN LEEMAN Formation and dissociation of carbon dioxide hydrate. Development of analytical methods. |
Clay mineraolgy of the Naval Air Warfare Center - USGS research site, NJ Powder X-ray diffraction and clay mineral separations. |
JEFF WESTROP Arsenic incorporation in silica phases |
JORDAN WILLIAMS Powder X-ray diffraction and clay mineral separations. Precipitation of transient phases during mineralization of uranyl phosphate. |
Constraining the duration of water on Mars through measurement of jarosite dissolution rates. Dissolution rates of Na-jarosite. |
SHELLY WERNETTE
| Where they are now | |
| Seth Gainey (M.S.) | Ph.D. program, UNLV |
| Sumudu Munasinghe (M.S.) | Technician, Dr. Engel's organic/isotope geochemistry lab |
| Margaret Root (M.S.) | |
| Allison Stumpf (M.S.) | Apache (Midland, TX) |
LAB CAPABILITIES
ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY: Our new PerkinElmer AAnalyst 800 was installed summer 2008! It combines flame and furnace atomization capability in a single instrument to provide elemental analysis of liquid samples. The absorbance of unknown samples at an appropriate wavelength is compared with the absorbance of known standard solutions. We have lamps for most elements of interest in the Earth and environmntal sciences. The furnace is transversely heated and utilizes Zeeman background correction. Contact Dr. Madden to inquire about the appropriateness of flame or furnace for your samples.
ATOMIC FORCE MICROSCOPY: The Pacific Nanotechnology NanoR2 is designed to probe the nanometer-scale topographic, physical, electronic, and magnetic properties of surfaces.
Topographic analysis: The NanoR2 is capable of measuring and analyzing nanoscale topography in the range of ~0.1-8000 nm for samples as large as 9 cm x 9 cm. Unlike electron microscopy techniques such as SEM, imaging is usually performed in the ambient atmosphere. Fluid imaging, such as with aqueous solutions, is also routine using an environmental cell sample chamber. Topographic ‘images’ are actually 3-dimensional x,y,z datasets that can be analyzed later to determine topographic profiles and parameters such as the distances between objects or the sizes of objects. Also, statistical quantities are immediately obtained such as the roughness and skewness of the surface topography.
Physical properties of surfaces: Variations in the physical properties at the surface can be observed and analyzed in several ways with the NanoR2. In contact mode imaging, the lateral force is simultaneously determined with the topography and is related to the frictional forces between the scanning tip and the sample. In close-contact (dynamic) mode imaging, the phase signal is related to the mechanical stiffness of the sample. ‘Soft’ and ‘hard’ areas on the sample are readily apparent, immediately highlighting the presence of organic or biological materials. Additionally, force-distance curves can be easily collected, quantitatively measuring the attractive, repulsive, and adhesion forces of interaction between the AFM tip and the sample. Due to the AFM scanner’s ‘closed-loop’ sensors, the control electronics always know the exact x,y,z location of the tip. Force-distance curves can then be collected on any location of a sample by clicking the cursor at the desired location. Also, the closed-loop capability allows for force-volume imaging; the automated collection of force-distance curves over a user-specified set of locations.
The NanoR2 has many ease-of-use features, including EZ-mode software, automated stage, video microscope with motorized focus and zoom, and software-assisted tip tuning and engagement routines.
GAS ADSORPTION ANALYSIS (BET surface area and pore size distribution): Gas adsorption analysis for surface area and pore size distribution (Quantachrome Nova 2000e) of powdered samples.
UV-VISIBLE SCANNING ABSORPTION SPECTROPHOTOMETRY: Thermo Scientific Genesys 6.
WATER ULTRAPURIFICATION SYSTEM: Barnstead Nanopure UV
Other equipment includes:
- anaerobic chamber
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analytical balances
- furnaces
- geochemical thermodynamic and reaction path modeling software (Geochemist’s Workbench)
- geochemical reactors of various types
- pH meters and electrodes
- ultracentrifugation
POWDER X-RAY DIFFRACTION (XRD): Dr. Madden oversees the powder X-ray diffractometer (Rigaku Ultima IV) in the Devon Energy NanoLab. We have updated reference databases and software such as Jade 9.0, PDXL, and ClaySim.
Additionally, we have expertise in techniques such as the following which are readily available at OU or elsewhere:
Kinetic Phosphorescence Analysis (KPA), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Surface (zeta) potential measurement, synchrotron x-ray spectroscopy, Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), Raman Spectroscopy, and Fluid Inclusion Analysis.
We also have access to many other types of geochemistry facilities, as found on the GEOCHEMISTRY at OU website
PUBLICATIONS
in preparation
Chen X, Madden AS, Bickmore BR, and Reches ZR (in preparation) Nano-micro- scale rock friction, to be submitted to Nature Geoscience.
Elwood Madden ME, Leeman JR, Ambuehl D, Blackburn D, Chevrier V (in preparation) CO2 clathrate decomposition kinetics at low temperatures and low to moderate pressures. To be submitted to Icarus.
Leeman JR, Elwood Madden ME, Hornbach M, Phelps TJ, Rawn CJ, (in preparation) Experimental Results and Reservoir Modeling of Gas Hydrate Destabilization through Heating. To be submitted to Geospheres.
Madden AS, Munasinghe PS, Kendall MR, Elwood Madden ME, Brooks SC, Williams J (in preparation) Dynamic uranyl phosphate sorption and precipitation, Applied Geochemistry.
Marra KR, Soreghan GS, Elwood Madden ME, Keiser L, Hall BL (in preparation) Trends in Grain Size and Reactive Surface in Cold-Arid versus warm semi-arid fluvial systems. To be submitted to Nature Geoscience.
Miller MA, Madden AS, HU Q, Westrop JP (in preparation) Silica as a reservoir for arsenic in quartz-rich sediments, Chemical Geology.
Moon J-W, Duty CE, Love LJ, Ivanov IN, Rawn CJ, Rondinone AJ, Lauf RJ, Li Y-L, Madden AS, Mosher JJ, Everett S, Phelps TJ (in preparation) Production of microbially‐mediated CdS quantum dots, Journal of Microbial Methods.
Rimstidt JD, Elwood Madden ME, Madden AS (in preparation) Mineral stability in the weathering environment. To be submitted to American Mineralogist.
Zahrai S, Elwood Madden ME, Madden AS, Rimstidt JD, Miller MA (in preparation) Dissolution rates and particle lifetimes of Na-Jarosite under Mars-relevant conditions. To be submitted to Icarus
submitted
Elwood Madden ME, Madden AS, Rimstidt JD, Zahrai S, Kendall MR, and Miller MA (submitted) Jarosite dissolution rates and nanoscale mineralogy, Geoshimica et Cosmochimica Acta.
Kim C, Kendall MR, Miller MA, Long CL, Larson PR, Humphrey MB, Madden AS, Tas AC (submitted) Comparison of titanium soaked in 5M NaOH or 5M KOH solutions, Journal of Biomedical Materials Research.
Lau B, Huang R, and Madden AS (submitted) Electrostatic adsorption of hematite nanoparticles on self-assembled monolayer surfaces, Langmuir.
Lin B, Cerato AB, Madden AS, and Elwood Madden ME (submitted) Microscopic Analysis of the Effect of Fly Ash on the Hydromechanical Alterations of Two Expansive Soils from Oklahoma. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering.
Madden AS, Swindle AL, Beazley MJ, Moon J-W, Ravel B, Phelps TJ (submitted) Long-term solid-phase Fate of iron and uranium during biological magnetite formation, American Mineralogist.
Miller MA, Kendall MR, Jain MK, Larson PR, Madden AS, and Tas AC (submitted) Testing of brushite (CaHPO4·2H2O) in synthetic biomineralization solutions and in situ crystallization of brushite micro-granules, Journal of the American Ceramic Society.
Mousis O, Chassefiere E, Chevrier V, Elwood Madden ME, Lakhlifi A, Lunine JI, Montmessin F, Picaud S, Schmidt F, Swindle TD (submitted) Volatile trapping in Martian clathrates. To be submitted to Space Science Reviews.
Stumpf AR, Elwood Madden ME, Soreghan GS, Hall BL (submitted) Chemical weathering within glacial melt water streams, Wright and Taylor Valley, Antarctica. To be submitted to Chemical Geology.
Sweet AC, Soreghan GS, Sweet DE, Soreghan MJ, Madden AS (submitted) Sedimentological, Geochemical and Provenance Data from Middle Permian Redbeds (Oklahoma): Implications for Palaeoclimate and Atmospheric Circulation in Western Pangaea, Sedimentology.
in press / published
Gainey, S.R. and Elwood Madden, M.E. (in press) Kinetics of Methane Clathrate Formation and Dissociation Under Mars Relevant Conditions. Icarus.
Root, M.J. and Elwood Madden, M.E. (in press) Potential Effects of Obliquity Change on Gas
Hydrate Stability Zones on Mars. Icarus.
Leeman, J. Rawn, C.J., Alford, J., Phelps, T.J., Elwood Madden, ME Interpreting Temperature Strain Data from Meso-Scale Clathrate Experiments (2012) Computers and Geosciences, 38, 62-67.
Hochella MF, Aruguete D, Kim B, Madden AS (2011) Naturally occurring inorganic nanoparticles: General assessment and a global budget for one of Earth's last unexplored major geochemical components. Nature's Nanostructures, Guo B and Barnard A (eds.), Pan Stanford Publishing Pte Ltd.
Learman DR, Wankel SD, Webb, SM, Martinez N, Madden AS, Hansel CM (2011) Coupled biotic-abiotic reaction pathway mediates the formation and structural evolution of biogenic Mn oxides, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 75: 6048-6063.
Madden AS, Hochella MF, Jr., Glasson GE, Grady JR, Bank TL, Green AM, Norris MA, Hurst AN, and Eriksson SC (2011) Welcome to Nanoscience: Interdisciplinary Environmental Explorations, Grades 9–12. National Science Teachers Association Press, ISBN 978-1-93613-732-9.
Elwood Madden ME, Leeman JR, Root MJ, Gainey S (2011) Reduced sulfur-carbon- water systems on Mars may yield shallow methane hydrate reservoirs. Planetary and Space Science, doi:10.1016/j.pss.2010.05.016.
Rawn CJ, Leeman JR, Alford JE, Phelps TJ, Elwood Madden ME, Ulrich SM (2011) Fiber Optic Sensing Technology for Detecting Gas Hydrate Formation and Decomposition. Review of Scientific Instruments, 59, 203-206.
Ekstrom EB, Learman DR, Madden AS, Hansel CM (2010) Contrasting Effects of Al Substitution on Microbial Reduction of Fe(III) Oxides, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 74, 7086-7099.
Kosoglu L, Bickmore BR, Filz G, Madden AS (2010) Atomic Force Microscopy Method for Measuring Smectite Coefficients of Friction, Clays and Clay Minerals, 58(6):813-820.
Madden AS, Hamilton VE, Elwood Madden ME, Larson PR, Miller MA (2010) Low-temperature mechanism for formation of coarse crystalline hematite through nanoparticle aggregation, Earth and Planetary Science Letters 298, 377-384.
Vishnivetskaya TA, Brandt CC, Madden AS, Drake MS, Kostka JE, Akob DM, Kuesel K, Palumbo AV (2010) Microbial Community Changes in Response to Ethanol or Methanol Amendments for U(VI) Reduction, Applied and Environmental Microbiology 76(17):5728-5735.
Bose S, Lower BH, Gorby YA, Kennedy DW, McCrady DE, Madden AS, Hochella MF Jr., (2009) Bioreduction of hematite nanoparticles by the dissimilatory iron reducing bacterium Shewanella oneidensis MR-1, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. Link
Elwood Madden ME, Madden AS, Rimstidt JD (2009) How long was Meridiani Planum wet? Applying a jarosite stopwatch to constrain the duration of diagenesis, Geology 37(7) 635-638. Link
Elwood Madden, M.E., P. Szymcek, S.M. Ulrich, S. McCallum, and T.J. Phelps (2009) Experimental formation of massive hydrate deposits from accumulation of CH4 gas bubbles within synthetic and natural sediments. Marine and Petroleum Geology 26(3) 369-378. Link
Grady JR and Madden AS (2009) Integrating the sciences to investigate groundwater pollution, Science Activities 46(4) 7-14.
Madden AS, Palumbo AV, Ravel B, Vishnivetskaya TA,Phelps TJ, Schadt CS, Brandt CC, (2009) Donor-dependent extent of uranium reduction for bioremediation of contaminated sediment microcosms, Journal of Environmental Quality. Link
Bank TL, Kukkadapu RK, Madden
AS, Ginder-Vogel MA, Baldwin ME, Jardine PM (2008) Effects of
sterilization on the physico-chemical properties of natural sediments from the
oak ridge reservation, Chemical
Geology 251:1-7. Link
Chernyshova IV, Hochella MF, Madden AS (2007) Size-dependent structural transformations of hematite nanoparticles. 1. Phase transition, Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 9, 1736-1750. Link
Elwood Madden, M.E., S.M. Ulrich, T.C. Onstott, and T.J. Phelps (2007) Salinity-induced hydrate dissociation: a mechanism for recent CH4 release on Mars. Geophysical Research Letters 34, Issue 11, CiteID L11202.
Madden AS, Knefel AC, Grady JR, Glasson GE, Hochella MF, Jr., Eriksson SC, Bank TL, Cecil K, Green A, Hurst D, Norris M, Schreiber ME (2007) Nano2Earth: Incorporating cutting-edge research into secondary education through scientist-educator partnerships, Journal of Geoscience Education 55(5), 402-412.
Madden AS, Smith AC, Balkwill DL, Fagan LA, Phelps TJ (2007) Microbial uranium immobilization independent of nitrate reduction, Environmental Microbiology 9(9), 2321–2330. Link
Velbel MA, McGuire JT, and Madden AS (2007) Scanning electron microscopy of garnet from southern Michigan soils: Etching rates and inheritance of pre-glacial and pre-pedogenic grain-surface textures, Developments in Sedimentology, 58, 413-432.
Elwood Madden, M. E., D. A. Kring, and R. J. Bodnar (2006) Shock re-equilibration of fluid inclusions in crystalline basement rocks from the Ries Crater, Germany. Meteoritics and Planetary Sciences 41, n. 2, 247-262.
Elwood Madden, M.E., D. Kring, and R.J. Bodnar, (2006) Shock reequilibration of fluid inclusions in Coconino Sandstone from Meteor Crater, Arizona. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 241, 32-46.
Madden AS, Hochella MF, Jr., and Luxton TD (2006) Insights for size-dependent reactivity of hematite nanomineral surfaces through Cu2+ sorption, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 70(16) 4095-4014. Link
Foresti E, Hochella MF, Jr., Lesci IG, Madden AS, Roveri N, and Xu H (2005) Morphological and chemical-physical characterization of Fe doped synthetic chrysotile nano-crystals, Advanced Functional Materials 15(6): 1009-1016. Link
Hochella MF, Jr., and Madden, AS (2005) Earth’s nano-compartment for toxic metals, Elements 1(4) 199-203. Download
Madden AS, and Hochella MF, Jr. (2005) A test of geochemical
reactivity as a function of mineral size: Manganese oxidation promoted by
hematite nanoparticles, Geochimica
et Cosmochimica Acta 69(2) 389-398. Link
Elwood Madden, M.E., R.J Bodnar, and J.D. Rimstidt (2004) Jarosite as geochemical indicator of water-limited chemical weathering on Mars. Nature, 431, 821-823.
Elwood Madden, M.E., F. Horz, and R. J. Bodnar (2004) Experimental simulation of shock reequilibration of fluid inclusions during meteorite impact. Canadian Mineralogist, 42, 1357-1368.