Kharijites

Supporters of `Ali who eventually rebelled against him because they felt he was not assertive enough about his right to the Caliphate.  After `Ali's murder by a Kharijite, several small groups of Kharijites established camps and lived by raiding non-Kharijites, whom they considered unbelievers.  Some revolted against the Umayyads, and some temporarily controlled large areas, but they were almost all eliminated.  They called for rule by the Qur'an alone.  On early theological issues they generally held that:

• Grave sinners are unbelievers condemned to everlasting hell fire.
• Faith requires not only belief and a verbal profession of that faith but also right actions.
• [Faith is an all-or-nothing matter - one is either a believer, or an unbeliever.]